If you had an infinite supply of water and a 5-quart and 3-quart buckets, how would you measure exactly 4 quarts using the smallest number of steps?
Solution Fill 5q; Transfer to 3q; Empty 3q; Transfer remaining 2 quarts from 5q to 3p; Fill 5p; Pour 1 quart into 3p. There are now 4 quarts in 5q. It takes six steps.